Opening Help > About Firefox triggers an automatic check for Firefox updates, there is no need to reinstall Firefox to get the latest version.

The PC that you posted here with shows a number of addons as being installed. Same PC or a different one?

Did you uninstall Firefox before reinstalling it?
If so, I trust that you didn't use the "remove all personal data and customizations" option?
If you did that, you deleted all the data that you are missing, and there's no recovery from that short of using a file recovery utility program such as Recuva,

Also, you can try to check if the old profile data still exists by opening %appdata%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles (type %appdata% in the Run box (Windows key + R)). If it exists you can try to transfer the needed data to the new profile. Alternatively you can also create a new profile and Choose Folder pointing to the old folder. Please note that if you elected to delete personal data/settings when uninstalling Firefox, the data would be deleted and you may have to use a data recovery software to salvage the data. You can also try the Previous Versions by right-clicking the opened %appdata% folder > Previous Versions and Open an old backup.

Profiles Howto

Thank you dumdidadida, this worked for my bookmarks. Any suggestions on retrieving FTP data? I've always updated my Firefox this way but have never encountered this issue before.